Structure & Cohesion
Headings and lists that help readers find what they need.
A clear sequence — what to do first, next, last.
Linking words that show how steps connect.
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Organised so information: is easy to find and follow.
Language Choices
Simple, clear words a reader will not stumble on.
Active verbs that tell the reader what to do.
An encouraging tone, not bossy or discouraging.
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Clear and encouraging: language.
Conventions
Headings, bullets, and varied sentences that aid scanning.
No walls of text that hide the steps.
Formatting that supports meaning, not just decoration.
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Reader-friendly formatting that: supports understanding.
Audience & Purpose
Strong writing speaks to readers as capable people. It uses plain words, skips jargon, and shows readers they can succeed. Preachy or expert-sounding writing pushes households away. Welcome them in and make the steps feel doable.
What markers scan for
- Does the writer speak directly to readers?
- Are the steps simple enough for someone with no background?
- Does the tone welcome, or does it discourage?
- Could a household without special tools follow this?
Score Bands
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Basic
Words are sometimes unclear; some background knowledge assumed; tone is not always welcoming.
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Strong
Words are clear and simple; no background assumed; tone is welcoming and encouraging.
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Excellent
Words are clear and inviting; the reader is kept in mind throughout; tone builds real confidence.
Structure & Cohesion
Strong writing organises information so a reader can scan it. Headings, lists, and numbered steps replace long paragraphs. The order is logical — what to do first, next, last. A reader should know at a glance what the guide is for.
What markers scan for
- Can you skim the guide and grasp the main points?
- Are steps clearly numbered or listed?
- Does the writer move logically from one idea to the next?
- Or is the information buried in paragraphs?
Score Bands
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Basic
Information sits inside paragraphs; few or unclear headings; readers must hunt for steps.
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Strong
Headings organise information clearly; lists and steps are easy to follow; ideas flow logically.
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Excellent
Structure invites scanning; headings are clear; information is layered; formatting supports meaning.
Student sample for assessment
Written by a Year 6 student in Altona, Victoria, Australia.
Everyday about one-third of the food produced worldwide is wasted. This often starts at home. If you have noticed your family throws away food regularly, or if you just want to reduce waste, this guide will show you simple changes to make. Why Reduce Food Waste? Less food waste means less money spent on groceries that end up in the bin. It also means less food in landfills, which is better for the environment. But mostly, it means your family is using the food you buy. Planning: The Foundation The best way to reduce food waste is to plan before you shop. Here is how: 1. Check what you already have. Look in your fridge, freezer and pantry. Note what is nearing its end date. 2. Plan your meals for the week. Pick meals that use the vegetables and ingredients you already have. 3. Make a shopping list based on your meal plan. Buy only what you need. 4. Stick to your list. It is easy to be tempted in the shops, but extra purchases often become waste. Storage Matters You cannot use food you cannot see. Keep your fridge and pantry organised so food is visible. - Store vegetables in clear containers so you remember them - Keep the oldest food at the front - Label containers with the date you opened them - Use the freezer. Frozen vegetables, bread and leftover meals last much longer Using What You Have Creativity turns leftover ingredients into meals. - Roast extra vegetables for dinner, then blend them into soup the next day - Freeze bread before it goes stale - Save vegetable scraps in the freezer for making stock Conclusion Reducing food waste does not require special skills or equipment. It requires attention and small habit changes. Start with one strategy—planning, or organising your fridge—and build from there. Small changes add up.