Student sample for assessment
Written by a Year 10 student in Mackay, Queensland, Australia.
This submission argues in favour of introducing term limits for elected politicians at the federal level in Australia, on the grounds that unlimited tenure creates structural incentives that are inconsistent with democratic accountability. The case for term limits rests on a straightforward structural observation: politicians who can stand for re-election indefinitely are subject to two forms of incentive that can conflict with good governance. The first is the incentive to prioritise electoral survival over policy substance — taking positions that are popular with core supporters rather than those that are evidence-based and in the long-term public interest. The second is the accumulation of power and resources that comes with long tenure: relationships with industry, familiarity with the mechanisms of influence and the institutional advantages of incumbency all compound over time in ways that reduce the competitive fairness of elections. Term limits address both incentives by ensuring that all elected members are eventually required to face the end of their tenure, regardless of their accumulated power. The most common objection is that term limits remove experienced and effective legislators from positions they are still capable of filling. This is a genuine cost. Experience in legislative processes, institutional knowledge and established working relationships across party lines have value that cannot be immediately replaced. However, this objection proves too much: by the same logic, the judiciary, the public service and the military should also have no term limits or mandatory retirement ages, which is not a position most democracies adopt. The value of accountability and the prevention of entrenchment are held, in other institutional contexts, to outweigh the value of accumulated individual experience. The case for applying the same reasoning to elected politicians is not obviously weaker. The committee is invited to recommend the introduction of a three-term limit for members of the House of Representatives and a two-term limit for senators, with transitional arrangements for current serving members.