Student sample for assessment
Written by a Year 6 student in Footscray, Victoria, Australia.
Coral reefs are some of the most amazing places on Earth. They are home to thousands of different animals and plants. Many people think that coral is a plant, but it is actually an animal. Coral is made of tiny animals called polyps. These animals build hard shells around themselves to protect their bodies. When many coral polyps live together, they create the shape we see as a coral reef. Coral reefs grow in warm, shallow ocean water. The water must be clear so sunlight can reach the coral. Coral has a special relationship with tiny plants called zooxanthellae. The zooxanthellae live inside the coral and give it food through photosynthesis. In return, the coral gives the zooxanthellae a safe place to live. This is called symbiosis. The bright colours in coral come from these tiny plants. Reefs are home to incredible animals. Clownfish hide in sea anemones to stay safe. The anemone has tentacles that sting other fish, but clownfish are protected. Sea turtles, sharks, and thousands of colourful fish all depend on reefs for food and shelter. About one quarter of all ocean fish species live in or around coral reefs, even though reefs only cover a small part of the ocean floor. Coral reefs are in trouble. Ocean water is warming because of climate change. When water gets too warm, coral polyps kick out their zooxanthellae. Without these plants, coral loses its colour and food. It becomes white. This is called bleaching. Pollution also harms reefs. Plastic, chemicals, and dirty water damage coral. If we do not help, many coral reefs will disappear. This would be a disaster for ocean life and the people who depend on reefs.