Y07W04VC Theme Words — Climate change

This module focuses on vocabulary connected to the theme of Climate change. The words in this set are used when discussing environmental systems, scientific evidence, and human and policy responses to a changing climate. Many of these terms appear in science journalism, reports and academic writing. Developing fluency with this vocabulary helps students engage critically with one of the most pressing challenges facing the world today.

Word in Context (Theme: Climate change)

These three words connect to the theme of Climate change. As you read, notice how each word helps you discuss this topic with more precise, thoughtful language.

emission

/ɪˈmɪʃ.ən/

e‑mis‑sion

noun

The release or discharge of a substance, especially gas, into the atmosphere or environment.

Word family: emissions (n. plural), emitted (v.)

Example: Carbon dioxide emissions from cars and factories contribute to climate change.

Synonyms: discharge, release, output

Collocations: carbon emissions, greenhouse gas emissions, reduce emissions

consequence

/ˈkɒn.sɪ.kwəns/

con‑se‑quence

noun

A result, effect, or outcome that follows from an action or cause.

Word family: consequences (n. plural), consequential (adj.)

Example: One major consequence of climate change is rising sea levels, which threatens coastal communities.

Synonyms: result, effect, outcome

Collocations: major consequence, serious consequence, unintended consequence

sustainable

/səˈsteɪ.nə.bəl/

sus‑tain‑a‑ble

adjective

Able to be maintained or continued long-term without depleting resources or causing environmental damage.

Word family: sustainability (n.), sustainably (adv.)

Example: Sustainable farming practices protect soil and reduce the need for harmful chemicals.

Synonyms: renewable, eco-friendly, responsible

Collocations: sustainable development, sustainable practices, sustainable energy

Academic Vocab

assume

/əˈsuːm/

as‑sume

verb | [assume – assumed – assumed]

To suppose or believe that something is true without having proof; to take on a role or responsibility.

Word family: assumes (v.), assumption (n.), assumed (adj.)

Example: We should not assume that climate change will fix itself without human action.

Synonyms: suppose, believe, presume

Collocations: assume that, assume responsibility, reasonable assumption

environment

/ɪnˈvaɪ.rən.mənt/

en‑vi‑ron‑ment

noun

The surroundings or conditions in which a person, animal, or plant lives; the natural world including air, water, and soil.

Word family: environments (n. plural), environmental (adj.), environmentally (adv.)

Example: Protecting the environment is everyone's responsibility.

Synonyms: surroundings, habitat, ecosystem

Collocations: natural environment, environmental damage, environmental policy

benefit

/ˈben.ɪ.fɪt/

ben‑e‑fit

noun

An advantage, profit, or positive effect that results from something.

Word family: benefits (n. plural), beneficial (adj.), benefit (v.)

Example: Renewable energy has many benefits, including reducing greenhouse gas emissions.

Synonyms: advantage, profit, gain

Collocations: environmental benefit, long-term benefit, mutual benefit

evidence

/ˈev.ɪ.dəns/

ev‑i‑dence

noun

Facts, information, or signs that provide proof or support for a belief or claim.

Word family: evidential (adj.), evidently (adv.)

Example: Scientists have presented strong evidence that human activities are causing climate change.

Synonyms: proof, data, indication

Collocations: scientific evidence, strong evidence, clear evidence

concept

/ˈkɒn.sept/

con‑cept

noun

An idea, principle, or general notion that is understood or taught.

Word family: concepts (n. plural), conceptual (adj.)

Example: Understanding the concept of the greenhouse effect helps explain global warming.

Synonyms: idea, principle, notion

Collocations: key concept, basic concept, scientific concept

this implies

/ðɪs ɪmˈplaɪz/

this im‑plies

phrase (discourse marker)

A connecting phrase used to introduce what a statement suggests or indicates without saying it directly.

Example: Average global temperatures are rising each year. This implies that the planet is becoming warmer on average.

Synonyms: this suggests, this means, this indicates

Collocations: this implies that, which implies, strongly implies

Confusing Words

further vs farther

Further' and 'farther' are often confused because they sound very similar and both relate to distance or extent.

  • farther — farther' is used when discussing actual physical distance — for example, 'Climate refugees may need to travel farther from their homes to find safe places to live.'
  • further — further' is used for distance in a more abstract or non-physical sense, and also means 'to a greater extent' or 'additional' — for example, 'We need to conduct further research on the effects of climate change.' or 'I want to discuss this issue further.'

Memory rule: A quick way to keep them apart: farther = physical distance; further = abstract distance or 'to a greater extent'.