Y05W13VC Word Roots — -less (without)
The suffix -less comes from Old English and carries the core meaning of 'without' or 'lacking'. It attaches to nouns to form adjectives that describe the absence of a quality. Words ending in -less appear in both everyday and academic writing to express deficit or absence. This module explores six academic words and three further examples that share this suffix.
Word Families
These three words all use -less. As you read, notice how the meaning 'without' helps explain each word.
careless
/ˈkɛələs/
care‑less
adjective
Someone who is careless does not give enough attention or thought to what they are doing, which often leads to mistakes.
Example: A careless mistake in the final paragraph cost her marks she could have easily avoided.
Synonyms: inattentive, hasty, sloppy
Collocations: careless mistake, careless work, be careful not to be careless
hopeless
/ˈhəʊpləs/
hope‑less
adjective
A hopeless situation is one where there is no chance of improvement or success.
Example: She refused to give up, even when the situation seemed hopeless and the deadline was near.
Synonyms: impossible, desperate, beyond help
Collocations: feel hopeless, a hopeless situation, seem hopeless
fearless
/ˈfɪələs/
fear‑less
adjective
Someone who is fearless is not afraid, even in situations that would frighten most people.
Example: The fearless researcher ventured into the world's most remote cave systems to collect data.
Synonyms: brave, daring, bold
Collocations: a fearless explorer, fearless in the face of, completely fearless
Academic Vocab
inform
/ɪnˈfɔːm/
in‑form
verb | [inform – informed – informed]
To inform means to tell someone about something, giving them facts or information.
Word family: information (n.), informative (adj.)
Example: The article was written to inform readers about the dangers of plastic pollution in the ocean.
Synonyms: tell, notify, advise
Collocations: inform the reader, inform others, keep informed
fact
/fækt/
fact
noun
A fact is a piece of information that is known to be true and can be proved.
Example: The report was built on carefully researched facts rather than on unsupported opinions.
Synonyms: truth, data, evidence
Collocations: a key fact, a proven fact, state the facts
source
/sɔːs/
source
noun
A source is the place, person, or document from which information is obtained.
Word family: sourced (adj.)
Example: She listed the sources she had used at the end of her research report.
Synonyms: reference, origin, document
Collocations: use a source, cite a source, a reliable source
report
/rɪˈpɔːt/
re‑port
noun
A report is a piece of writing that presents factual information about a topic in an organised structure.
Word family: reporter (n.), reporting (n.)
Example: She wrote a report on the causes of deforestation in the Amazon rainforest for her geography project.
Synonyms: document, account, text
Collocations: write a report, an information report, present a report
research
/ˈriːsɜːtʃ/
re‑search
noun
Research is the careful investigation and study of information to find facts or reach new conclusions.
Word family: researcher (n.), researched (adj.)
Example: She carried out thorough research before writing her information report on endangered species.
Synonyms: investigation, study, inquiry
Collocations: carry out research, conduct research, base on research
on the other hand
/ɒn ðɪ ˈʌðə hænd/
on the oth‑er hand
phrase
‘On the other hand’ is used to introduce a different or opposing point of view.
Example: Some people argue that technology is distracting; on the other hand, it can also be a powerful learning tool.
Synonyms: however, in contrast, alternatively
Collocations: on the other hand, this suggests; on the other hand, some argue
Confusing Words
sea vs see
These two words sound exactly the same but have very different meanings.
- sea — Sea' is a noun that refers to the large body of salt water that covers much of the earth's surface — for example, The research vessel sailed into the open sea to collect water samples.
- see — See' is a verb that means to perceive something with your eyes — for example, She climbed the hill so she could see the entire coastline from above.
Memory rule: A helpful trick: 'sea' contains the letters 's', 'e', 'a' — think of salt, endless, aqua to remind you it refers to water. If you are describing the act of looking, use 'see'.
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