Student sample for assessment
Written by a Year 5 student in Marrickville, NSW, Australia.
Thunderstorms form when warm moist air rises rapidly into the atmosphere. As this air rises high into the sky, the water vapour in it cools down and condenses into clouds. This process releases energy that powers the storm and creates the dark, heavy clouds we see before a thunderstorm arrives.
Lightning happens when electrical charge builds up between the clouds and the ground. This buildup creates a path of electricity that flashes down to earth. Lightning is extremely dangerous because it carries millions of volts of electricity. People outdoors during storms can be struck by lightning and seriously hurt.
Flash flooding occurs when heavy rainfall from storms exceeds what the ground can absorb. Surface water builds up rapidly and begins to flow as a powerful force across the land. Flash flooding is particularly dangerous because it can occur within minutes of the rain starting. The moving water has tremendous force and can sweep away vehicles and cause people to drown.
River flooding happens differently. It develops more slowly when rainfall upstream raises river levels over days or weeks. This type of flooding affects a wider area but gives people more time to prepare and evacuate.